The growing demand for energy:-
The development of a wide variety of industries, have largely dependent on energy.
Agriculture, industry, mining industry, transportation, lighting, heating and cooling of buildings, and all of them have the energy.
Due to the growing needs of the world's population, and is faced with a further energy shortages.
In developed countries such as the United States and Canada, the average person consumes up to 300 GJ / year.
In fact, the average person in a poor country such as Bhutan, Nepal, or in Ethiopia, it consumes less than 1 GJ / year.
It is clear that our way of life and standard of living is closely related to our energy needs.
Renewable and non-renewable sources of energy:-
Life on earth is dependent to a great number of things and services provided by nature, which is to be known as the energy source.
There are two types of energy sources.
Renewable resources, which are limited and cannot be restored within a certain period of time, for example. Woods, wildlife, wind energy, biomass energy, etc.). Solar energy-is a form of renewable energy is an inexhaustible source of energy.
Non-renewable energy sources that can't be recovered, for example. Burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, etc., etc. As soon as the stocks are exhausted, they will not be able to be filled.
Renewable energy sources:-
(a) Solar energy:
The sun emits an enormous amount of energy, in the form of heat and light.
Solar energy is charged in the vicinity of the Earth is approximately equal to 1.4 kj / s) / m2, which is better known as the solar constant.
We have now a variety of ways to make the use of solar energy.
Thermal solar collectors, solar panels, solar cooker, solar water heater, solar oven, solar power plant, there are a number of important devices for the collection of solar energy.
(b) wind energy:
Fast winds that contain a lot of energy in the form of kinetic energy because of their motion.
Wind energy is very useful, because it does not cause any air pollution.
In terms of the price of the unit, the power of the wind and is also very cheap.
(c) water, energy,
The water then flows into the river by the construction of a large dam, where the water is stored, and can be dropped from a height.
The turbine blades are located at the bottom of the container, they will move along with the fast-moving water, which may, in turn, drives a generator to generate electricity.
The Water-energy does not cause pollution.
Hydro-electric power projects, to help in flood control, which is used for irrigation, navigation, etc., etc.
. (d) Tidal energy:
Ocean tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon, they contain a huge amount of energy.
It Is tidal energy used in the construction industry ?????????? obstacles in the way.
At high tide, the water in the dam of the reservoir, and it turns a turbine, which in turn generates electricity by the rotation of the generators.
At low tide, when the sea level is too low, the sea water is stored in the barrier of the tank, it flows into the sea and turn the turbines again.
(d) Ocean thermal energy (DGE):
The energy turned out to be caused by the difference in the temperature of the water at the surface of the tropical oceans, and are on deeper levels, the so-called DGE.
This energy is used to heat a fluid, such as ammonia.
High-pressure liquid-vapour, which, while they are cooking, and then used to work out of the turbine, the generator and the generation of electricity.
(e) use of Geothermal energy:
The production of energy from hot rocks located within the earth is geothermal energy.
Sometimes, the steam of boiling water, underground, can't find a place to get out of it.
We are able to drill holes into one of the most heated, the rock, and, by the insertion of a tube in the power, steam, or hot water, using a high-pressure tubes in which drives a generator and a turbine to generate electricity.
Non-renewable sources of energy:
(a)Coal:
Coal was formed 255-250 million years ago, in the warm and humid areas of the world during the Carboniferous period.
Old and planted on the banks, which were to be buried after death, in the soil, and because of the high temperature and pressure, it is gradually converted into peat, and coal, over the course of millions of years.
The combustion of carbon produces carbon dioxide, which is the speed of the green-house, which is responsible for the formation of the growth of the global warming of the earth.
(b) Oil
It is the lifeblood of the global economy.
The oil is a cleaner-burning fuel compared to coal as it burns completely and leaves no residue behind.
It is also easy to carry and easy to use.
Crude oil is a complex mixture of the instagram hydrocarbons having carbon numbers.
Therefore, it has to be purified by fractional distillation process, in which we will have a wide range of products, including: oils, gasoline, kerosene, benzene, gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc., etc.
. The oil and gas, it is easily converted into a liquid state under pressure, in the form of a liquefied gas.
(c) natural gas:
It is composed largely of methane, and a small amount of propane, and ethane.
It can be used as a domestic or industrial fuel in thermal power plants for the generation of electric power.
It can be used as a source of hydrogen in the chemical fertilizer industry, and not only as a source of carbon in the layer on the inside
(d) the Nuclear power industry:
European atomic energy community, it is well-known that it has a high destructive power.
Atomic energy can be generated in two types of reactions:
1) nuclear fission: It is a nuclear reaction in which a heavy isotopes are split into lighter nuclei when bombarded with neutrons. The fission of U235 nuclei, and can be found below.
92U235 +0n1 → 36Kr92 + 56Ba141 + 3 0n1 + energy
2) nuclear fusion: two isotopes of light elements will force themselves to extremely high temperatures (to 1 billion ?(C) to join them, and the creation of heavier nuclei, which release large amounts of energy in the process.
1H2+1H2 → 3He2+0n1+energy
Nuclear energy has great potential, but there is a leak from a nuclear reactor could lead to a devastating nuclear contamination. The disposal of nuclear waste is a big problem.
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